Japan: The samurai (and subsequently ronin) Yato (Yagashira) Emoshichi, from the series 'Illustrations of the Forty-Seven Loyal Retainers'. Ogata Gekko (1859-1920), 1899

Samurai is the term for the military nobility of pre-industrial Japan. By the end of the 12th century, samurai became almost entirely synonymous with bushi, and the word was closely associated with the middle and upper echelons of the warrior class. The samurai followed a set of rules that came to be known as Bushid_. While they numbered less than ten percent of Japan's population, samurai teachings can still be found today in both everyday life and in martial arts such as Kend_, meaning the way of the sword. (Photo by: Pictures From History/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)